A 29-year-old male was recently diagnosed with AS. He is interested in obtaining more information about his disease. Patient teaching would include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. A diagnosis is made from history, physical examination, x-rays, and genetic analysis.
b. Inflammation of the fibrocartilage in cartilaginous joints results in the erosion of bone structure, scar tissue formation, and joint fusion.
c. The more common signs and symptoms of early disease include restricted joint movement and increased pain after physical activity.
d. The usual treatment includes anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications, exercises, and physical therapy.
e. The spine becomes bent forward as the normal convex curve of the lower spine diminishes.
Answer: A, B, D, E
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