The risk of hypovolemic shock is high with acute mesenteric arterial insufficiency because:
a. The resulting liver failure causes a deficit of plasma proteins and a loss of oncotic pressure.
b. Ischemia alters mucosal membrane permeability, and fluid is shifted to the bowel wall and peritoneum.
c. Massive bleeding occurs in the GI tract.
d. Overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in ischemic injury to the intestinal wall.
Answer: B
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