The patient with cirrhosis has an increased abdominal girth from ascites. The nurse should know that this fluid gathers in the abdomen for which reasons (select all that apply)?
A. There is decreased colloid oncotic pressure from the liver's inability to synthesize albumin.
B. Hyperaldosteronism related to damaged hepatocytes increases sodium and fluid retention.
C. Portal hypertension pushes proteins from the blood vessels, causing leaking into the peritoneal cavity.
D. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus stimulates thirst, which causes the stimulation to take in fluids orally.
E. Overactivity of the enlarged spleen results in increased removal of blood cells from the circulation, which decreases the vascular pressure.
Answer:
A. There is decreased colloid oncotic pressure from the liver's inability to synthesize albumin.
B. Hyperaldosteronism related to damaged hepatocytes increases sodium and fluid retention.
C. Portal hypertension pushes proteins from the blood vessels, causing leaking into the peritoneal cavity.
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